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Archive for December 12th, 2009

A Greener Motoring Future

A Greener Future Means YOU Need a Greener Car!

Whats the issue?

A greener car is a vehicle that produces less harmful emissions to the environment than regular vehicles. Its a common misconception that it will cost the consumer more to have a greener car. Smaller regular cars are greener to an extent because they use less fuel and therefore burn off less emissions. As well as saving money onroad tax and petrol.

CO2 emissions contribute towards the greenhouse effect which causes climate change. This in turn effects the worlds weather conditions and causes extreme weather conditions to happen more frequently with more severity.

In order to prevent this a concerted effort towards reducing ones carbon footprint must be taken. A big step towards this would be the changing the transport used in favour of a more ecofriendly transport or invest in a greener car.

Alternative forms of fuel

There have been different fuels provided for use in cars and other vehicles that significiantly lower CO2 emissions.

Diesel; Diesel reduces CO and HC emissions but does however emit greater levels of Nox. This can reduce air quality in urban areas.

LPG amp; CNG; These are generally converted from pertol fuelled cars either by the orginal manufacturer or an aftermarket converter. LPG and CNG vehicles tend to be bifuel meaining they can run on petrol or gaseous fuel. LPG vehicles tend to fall between petrol and diesel in CO2 performance. LPG tend to fall between petrol and diesel in terms of CO2 emissions. This is due to the lower carbon and higher energy content by mass of the fuel. CNG offers even lower CO2 emissions than LPG. LPG could be seen very similar to diesel. CNG also emits CO HC Nox and particles. In terms of performance CNG and LPG are as good as petrol.

Hybrids; Hybrids combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and a battery. The Hybrids 3 energy sources can work with each other in various ways in order to perform. Hybrids offer reduced fuel consumption and reduced CO2 as well as possible reduction in some pollutants. This is an excellent example of a greener car.

Bio fuels; Bio fuels reduce CO2 emissions drastically when compared with petrol and diesel. Most bio fuels are sold in a blend of petrol/diesel counting for 5 of fuel used by the greener vehicle.

FlexiFuel; Flexifuel is a blend that runs on 85 bio ethanol and 15 Petrol. However there are currently limited retailing sites that offer this fuel. Flexifuel is compatible with existing vehicles. Some manufacturers offer ‘flexifuel’ vehicles that can run on bio ethanol blends up to E85 a blend of 85 bio ethanol and 15 petrol as well as fossil petrol. There are currently limited retailers that will sell this biofuel but this number is set to grow.

Steps already taken in the UK to reduce emissions with a Greener Car

In the March 2001 Budget the Chancellor announced the extension of the lower rate of Vehicle Excise Duty VED to cover cars in the Private and Light Goods PLG taxation class with an engine size of 1549cc or less.

Since March 2001 a system of Graduated VED has been in operation for new cars based primarily on their level of CO2 emissions.

Since April 2002 Company Car Tax has been based on the CO2 emissions of the vehicle provided to an employee for their private use.

In the March 2006 Budget the Chancellor introduced a zero rate for cars with the lowest carbon emissions and a new top band for the most polluting cars.

Steps you could take to help

Pump up to cut down

Underinflated tyres create more resistance when your car is moving which means your engine has to work harder so more fuel is used and more CO2 emissions are produced.

Less clutter in your car means less CO2

Clutter in your boot is extra weight your engine has to lug around. By removing it you could reduce your engine’s workload.

Less stopping and starting means less CO2

Every time you stop then start again in a traffic queue the engine uses more fuel and therefore produces more CO2. Keep an eye on the traffic ahead and slow down early by gently lifting your foot off the accelerator while keeping the car in gear.

Over revving accelerates emissions

Modern car engines are designed to be efficient from the moment they are switched on so revving up like a Formula 1 car in pole position only wastes fuel and increases engine wear. Using your gears wisely by changing up a gear a little earlier can also reduce revs.

Idling is wasting fuel

When the engine is idling you’re wasting fuel and adding to CO2 emissions. If you’re likely to be at a standstill for more than 3 minutes simply switch off the engine.

Current Issues

• The European Commission and the European Automobile Manufacturers Association ACEA came to an agreement in July 1998 that committed ACEA to reduce the CO2 emissions from new passenger cars by over 25 to an average CO2 emission figure of 140 g/km by 2008.
• The government admitted in July 2008 what experts have been saying for some time that it will miss by a large margin its own target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent from 1990 levels by 2010.
• However In September 2008 Gordon Brown stated he wants the current target of a 60 per cent cut in CO2 by 2050 raised to 80 per cent.
• Although advancements in optimising the use of fuel to reduce emissions technolgocial advances have led to heavier and larger vehicles being produced so whilst emissions reduce the world load on the fuel has increased causing no real change in emissions when cars are compared with those of the 1980s.

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Experimental Media And Performing Arts Center

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EMPAC on RPI’s campus with the brutalist Folsom Library reflecting in the glass.
The Curtis R. Priem Experimental Media and Performing Arts Center EMPAC is a multivenue arts center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy New York which opened on October 3 2008.
The director of EMPAC is Johannes Goebel. He was previously the director of the Institute for Music and Acoustics which he founded at the Center for Art and Media Technology ZKM in Karlsruhe Germany. EMPAC’s curators are Helene Lesterlin Dance Kathleen Forde Visual Arts and Micah Silver Music. The building is named after Curtis Priem cofounder of NVIDIA and graduate of the RPI Class of 1982 who donated 40 million to the Institute in 2004.
Construction
The institute announced plans for the construction of a new performance hall in fall of 2001 with construction costs originally slated at 50 million. After a design competition and discussions with architectural firms the plans were revised with a new construction cost of 141 million and completion date of some time in 2006. While most agreed that RPI needed improved music and arts facilities the expanded size and construction cost were seen as unnecessarily expensive by many students and faculty.
The project broke ground on September 19 2003. During 2004 the Institute began a large capital campaign and Rensselaer alumnus and trustee Curtis Priem ’82 donated 40 million in an unrestricted gift. RPI decided to officially name the project in his honor. Additionally the Institute received a 1 million gift for EMPAC programs from alumnus David Jaffe in 2006.
Over 100000 cubic yards of earth were evacuated from the hill to make room for the structure. RPI has had problems in the past with the instability of the ground on the hillside a phenomenon known as mass wasting. To prevent the EMPAC from “sliding down the hill” 215 rock anchors where drilled into the ground to stabilize the foundations. At over 210feet 64m long they are some of the largest anchors in North America.
In September 2005 the institute hosted EMPAC 360: On Site Sound a multimedia and performing arts presentation to celebrate the midpoint of construction. The event was attended by over 3000 people from the region. The expected completion date was moved to sometime in 2008. In January 2008 RPI commissioned lighting designer Jennifer Tipton to create a large lighting display called “Light Above the Hudson”. Operational for several weeks the display drew attention to the center with a 300 by 100foot 30m array of multicolored lights and search lights pointed into the sky.
The grand opening celebrations were held on three weekends from October 3ctober 19 2008 with all events free to the public. The inaugural concert on October 4 included the Albany Symphony Orchestra with pianist Per Tengstrand the International Contemporary Ensemble and Vox Vocal Ensemble. Performances were also given by the Norwegian group Verdensteatret the Japanese collective Dumb Type and a duet performance by pianist Cecil Taylor with Pauline Oliveros. October 11th featured Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra with Wynton Marsalis and October 18th featured the Roy Haynes Fountain of Youth Band. Each weekend also contained numerous lectures and workshops including Johannes Goebel and Pauline Oliveros. Studio 1 Goodman Studio/Theater hosted a special 360 degree film by The Wooster Group entitled There is Still Time..Brother alternating with screenings by Workspace Unlimited.
Architecture and facilities
The design architect for the EMPAC is Nicholas Grimshaw amp; Partners London and New York designers of The Eden Project the Royal College of Art and International Terminal Waterloo. The architect of record is the New York City architectural firm Davis Brody Bond.
The main concert hall seats 1200 and has been lauded as one of the most acoustically perfect concert halls in the world.citation needed The acoustical firm Kirkegaard Associates was contracted to work on the system. Extensive computer modeling was done of the ceiling canopy before construction to optimize the transmission of sound waves. EMPAC is the first venue to use a Nomex fabric for a ceiling canopy to reflect sound waves. The exterior of the main concert hall is lined with 36000square feet 3300m2 of Western Red Cedar. Grown in sustainable forests in British Columbia the wood was chosen for its fireretardant properties.
EMPAC is also home to a 400seat theater with an 80? x 40? stage 60? fly tower computer controlled rigging and one of the largest projection screens in New York. There are two main multipurpose studio spaces. Studio 1 has 3500squarefoot 330m2 and has 40foothigh ceilings and Studio 2 is…and so on To get More information you can visit some products about samsung lcd screen traffic led screen . The Infocus Dlp Projector XGA 1800 ANSI products should be show more here!

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